Fedora 40 incredibly sluggish after dnf update to 6.9.12

Every mouse and keyboard operation takes 6 to 20 seconds.

I tried to use dnf’s rollback feature, but have had no luck – many “Cannot find rpm nevra” errors.

Could this be an nvidia problem?

When booting into multi-user mode, everything performs as expected.

I booted to the older initramfs (6.9.6), which had been working perfectly well, but it now suffers from the same sluggishness.

Any ideas out there?

Or should I just bite the bullet and reinstall nvidia, the os, or both?

Your first sentence says it is slow.
The last sentence here says multi-user mode (default graphical desktop) is as expected.

Please be more specific about the conditions that are causing problems since those 2 statements conflict and leave us wondering??

In graphical mode, everything (even in the terminal app) is slow.

In multi-user mode – which, at least on my system, is text-only – the response to keypresses is normal and attempts at using the mouse are ignored.

PS: I found the akmod hack, but that didn’t solve my problem.

Thanks!

which “hack” is that.
We really do need details of what is happening and the commands you use. Generalities are mostly useless.

The gui is multi-user (run level 5)
The text multi-user console is run level 3.

I know how to boot to get either, but without specific details we have no way to know what you are actually doing (commands) nor experiencing (results)

Please post the output of inxi -Fzxx so we can see the hardware you have and other details as well.

1 Like

I wonder if a key process is using unexpectedly high CPU.

When in GUI run top -n 1 -b and look for processes using a lot of CPU time.
You can post the output here for us to review.

1 Like

I’ve filtered out all processes that have used less than 0.01 sec. I don’t see any unusual CPU or memory usage – and the box has plenty of both, anyway: 32 cores and 128 GB RAM.

top - 09:40:13 up 57 min,  1 user,  load average: 0.08, 0.06, 0.08
Tasks: 590 total,   1 running, 589 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s):  0.2 us,  1.0 sy,  0.0 ni, 98.8 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st 
MiB Mem : 128690.4 total, 122373.7 free,   2949.9 used,   4498.0 buff/cache     
MiB Swap:  40960.0 total,  40960.0 free,      0.0 used. 125740.5 avail Mem 
    PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU  %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND
  11157 dad       20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t R  16.7   0.0   0:00.04 top
      1 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:03.75 systemd
     11 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t I   0.0   0.0   0:03.30 kworker+
     17 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t I   0.0   0.0   0:00.68 rcu_pre+
     25 root      rt   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.14 migrati+
     31 root      rt   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.14 migrati+
     37 root      rt   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.14 migrati+
     43 root      rt   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.15 migrati+
     49 root      rt   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.15 migrati+
     55 root      rt   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.15 migrati+
     61 root      rt   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.15 migrati+
     67 root      rt   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.15 migrati+
     74 root      rt   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.15 migrati+
     80 root      rt   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.15 migrati+
     86 root      rt   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.15 migrati+
     92 root      rt   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.16 migrati+
     98 root      rt   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.16 migrati+
    104 root      rt   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.16 migrati+
    106 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t I   0.0   0.0   0:00.12 kworker+
    110 root      rt   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.16 migrati+
    116 root      rt   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.16 migrati+
    122 root      rt   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.16 migrati+
    128 root      rt   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.16 migrati+
    134 root      rt   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.17 migrati+
    140 root      rt   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.17 migrati+
    146 root      rt   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.17 migrati+
    152 root      rt   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.17 migrati+
    158 root      rt   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.17 migrati+
    164 root      rt   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.17 migrati+
    170 root      rt   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.17 migrati+
    176 root      rt   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.17 migrati+
    179 root       0 -20    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t I   0.0   0.0   0:00.10 kworker+
    182 root      rt   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.18 migrati+
    188 root      rt   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.18 migrati+
    194 root      rt   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.18 migrati+
    200 root      rt   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.18 migrati+
    206 root      rt   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.18 migrati+
    288 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t I   0.0   0.0   0:00.10 kworker+
    294 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t I   0.0   0.0   0:00.17 kworker+
    329 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t I   0.0   0.0   0:00.22 kworker+
    339 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t I   0.0   0.0   0:00.11 kworker+
    351 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t I   0.0   0.0   0:00.11 kworker+
    838 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.51 btrfs-t+
    943 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.61 systemd+
   1000 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.33 systemd+
   1370 systemd+  20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:03.83 systemd+
   1371 systemd+  20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.22 systemd+
   1404 dbus      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.52 dbus-br+
   1407 avahi     20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:03.61 avahi-d+
   1422 polkitd   20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:01.34 polkitd
   1437 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.14 account+
   1443 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.21 switche+
   1449 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.39 systemd+
   1453 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.28 systemd+
   1469 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:01.10 udisksd
   1473 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.15 upowerd
   1663 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.18 abrtd
   1693 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.11 ModemMa+
   1698 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.34 firewal+
   1774 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.79 Network+
   1798 root     -51   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.34 irq/154+
   1800 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:08.77 nv_queue
   2007 root     -51   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.36 irq/155+
   2009 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:07.20 nv_queue
   2268 colord    20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.16 colord
   2713 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t I   0.0   0.0   0:00.41 kworker+
   2805 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.36 abrt-du+
   2806 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.44 abrt-du+
   2807 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.34 abrt-du+
   2854 dad       20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.87 systemd
   2874 dad        9 -11    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.13 pipewire
   2875 dad        9 -11    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.34 wireplu+
   2885 dad       20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.27 dbus-br+
   3024 dad       20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.97 norduse+
   3201 dad       20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.12 gnome-s+
   3247 dad       20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.3   0:08.50 gnome-s+
   3454 dad       20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.13 gnome-s+
   3480 dad       20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.20 evoluti+
   3495 dad       20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.61 ibus-da+
   3501 dad       20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.34 gsd-hou+
   3506 dad       20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.11 gsd-med+
   3513 dad       20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.13 gsd-pow+
   3560 dad       20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.11 gsd-wac+
   3564 dad       20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.3   0:11.90 gnome-s+
   3593 dad       20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.25 evoluti+
   3701 dad       20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.17 gvfs-ud+
   3743 dad       20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:01.46 ibus-ex+
   3769 dad       20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.14 goa-ide+
   3819 dad       20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.28 evoluti+
   3832 dad       20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.98 Xwayland
   3938 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.24 sssd_kcm
   3940 dad       20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.15 ibus-en+
   4015 dad       20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.11 xdg-des+
   4062 dad       20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.25 xdg-des+
   4247 dad       20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.20 gsd-xse+
   4286 dad       20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.10 ibus-x11
   4338 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.60 fwupd
   4364 passim    20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.10 passimd
   4378 dad       20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.1   0:07.66 mutter-+
   4384 dad       20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.16 xdg-des+
   4423 dad       20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.1   0:01.12 python3
   4696 dad       20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:02.37 gnome-t+
   4712 dad       20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:00.77 bash
   5742 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t S   0.0   0.0   0:03.44 nordvpnd
   7814 root      20   0    0.0t   0.0t   0.0t I   0.0   0.0   0:00.40 kworker+

The akmod hack is here:
https://discussion.fedoraproject.org/t/third-party-modules-e-g-nvidia-are-not-rebuilt-during-system-upgrade/95558

I did not know that run level 5 allowed more than one user. I’ll have to try logging in to the problem box from the backup I’m currently using.

Here’s inxi -Fzxx, below.

Thanks!

System:
  Kernel: 6.9.12-200.fc40.x86_64 arch: x86_64 bits: 64 compiler: gcc v: 2.41-37.fc40
  Console: tty 1 Distro: Fedora Linux 40 (Workstation Edition)
Machine:
  Type: Desktop Mobo: Micro-Star model: X399 GAMING PRO CARBON AC (MS-7B09) v: 1.0
    serial: <superuser required> UEFI: American Megatrends v: 1.B0 date: 08/09/2018
CPU:
  Info: 16-core model: AMD Ryzen Threadripper 1950X bits: 64 type: MT MCP arch: Zen rev: 1 cache:
    L1: 1.5 MiB L2: 8 MiB L3: 32 MiB
  Speed (MHz): avg: 2264 high: 3690 min/max: 2200/3400 boost: enabled cores: 1: 1963 2: 2200
    3: 3400 4: 2200 5: 2200 6: 2200 7: 2200 8: 2200 9: 2200 10: 2200 11: 2200 12: 2200 13: 3400
    14: 3690 15: 3319 16: 2200 17: 2200 18: 2200 19: 2200 20: 2200 21: 2800 22: 2200 23: 1796
    24: 2200 25: 2037 26: 2200 27: 2070 28: 2200 29: 1782 30: 2200 31: 2200 32: 0 bogomips: 217572
  Flags: avx avx2 ht lm nx pae sse sse2 sse3 sse4_1 sse4_2 sse4a ssse3
Graphics:
  Device-1: NVIDIA GP102 [GeForce GTX 1080 Ti] vendor: Gigabyte driver: nvidia v: 555.58.02
    arch: Pascal pcie: speed: 2.5 GT/s lanes: 16 ports: active: none empty: DP-1, DP-2, DP-3,
    HDMI-A-1, HDMI-A-2, HDMI-A-3 bus-ID: 0a:00.0 chip-ID: 10de:1b06
  Device-2: NVIDIA GP102 [GeForce GTX 1080 Ti] vendor: Gigabyte driver: nvidia v: 555.58.02
    arch: Pascal pcie: speed: 2.5 GT/s lanes: 16 ports: active: none off: HDMI-A-5 empty: DP-4,
    DP-5, DP-6, HDMI-A-4, HDMI-A-6 bus-ID: 42:00.0 chip-ID: 10de:1b06
  Device-3: Microsoft LifeCam Cinema driver: snd-usb-audio,uvcvideo type: USB rev: 2.0
    speed: 480 Mb/s lanes: 1 bus-ID: 7-4:2 chip-ID: 045e:075d
  Display: server: X.org v: 1.20.14 with: Xwayland v: 24.1.1 driver: X:
    loaded: modesetting,nouveau alternate: fbdev,nv,vesa gpu: nvidia,nvidia-nvswitch tty: 320x98
  Monitor-1: HDMI-A-5 model: Samsung U28E590 res: 3840x2160 dpi: 160 diag: 699mm (27.5")
  API: EGL v: 1.5 platforms: device: 0 drv: nvidia device: 1 drv: nvidia device: 4 drv: swrast
    gbm: drv: nvidia surfaceless: drv: nvidia inactive: wayland,x11,device-2,device-3
  API: OpenGL v: 4.6.0 compat-v: 4.5 vendor: mesa v: 24.1.4 note: console (EGL sourced)
    renderer: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 Ti/PCIe/SSE2, llvmpipe (LLVM 18.1.6 256 bits)
  API: Vulkan v: 1.3.283 surfaces: N/A device: 0 type: discrete-gpu driver: N/A
    device-ID: 10de:1b06 device: 1 type: discrete-gpu driver: N/A device-ID: 10de:1b06 device: 2
    type: cpu driver: N/A device-ID: 10005:0000
Audio:
  Device-1: NVIDIA GP102 HDMI Audio vendor: Gigabyte driver: snd_hda_intel v: kernel pcie:
    speed: 8 GT/s lanes: 16 bus-ID: 0a:00.1 chip-ID: 10de:10ef
  Device-2: AMD Family 17h HD Audio vendor: Micro-Star MSI driver: snd_hda_intel v: kernel pcie:
    speed: 8 GT/s lanes: 16 bus-ID: 0c:00.3 chip-ID: 1022:1457
  Device-3: NVIDIA GP102 HDMI Audio vendor: Gigabyte driver: snd_hda_intel v: kernel pcie:
    speed: 8 GT/s lanes: 16 bus-ID: 42:00.1 chip-ID: 10de:10ef
  Device-4: Microsoft LifeCam Cinema driver: snd-usb-audio,uvcvideo type: USB rev: 2.0
    speed: 480 Mb/s lanes: 1 bus-ID: 7-4:2 chip-ID: 045e:075d
  API: ALSA v: k6.9.12-200.fc40.x86_64 status: kernel-api
  Server-1: PipeWire v: 1.0.7 status: active with: 1: pipewire-pulse status: active
    2: wireplumber status: active 3: pipewire-alsa type: plugin 4: pw-jack type: plugin
Network:
  Device-1: Intel I211 Gigabit Network vendor: Micro-Star MSI driver: igb v: kernel pcie:
    speed: 2.5 GT/s lanes: 1 port: 2000 bus-ID: 08:00.0 chip-ID: 8086:1539
  IF: enp8s0 state: up speed: 1000 Mbps duplex: full mac: <filter>
Drives:
  Local Storage: total: 21.83 TiB used: 9.51 TiB (43.5%)
  ID-1: /dev/nvme0n1 vendor: Samsung model: SSD 980 PRO 2TB size: 1.82 TiB speed: 63.2 Gb/s
    lanes: 4 serial: <filter> temp: 43.9 C
  ID-2: /dev/sda vendor: Seagate model: ST6000VN0033-2EE110 size: 5.46 TiB speed: 6.0 Gb/s
    serial: <filter>
  ID-3: /dev/sdb vendor: Seagate model: ST8000DM004-2CX188 size: 7.28 TiB speed: 6.0 Gb/s
    serial: <filter>
  ID-4: /dev/sdc vendor: Western Digital model: WD30EZRX-00DC0B0 size: 2.73 TiB speed: 6.0 Gb/s
    serial: <filter>
  ID-5: /dev/sdd vendor: Western Digital model: WD40EZRZ-00WN9B0 size: 3.64 TiB speed: 6.0 Gb/s
    serial: <filter>
  ID-6: /dev/sde vendor: Samsung model: SSD 860 EVO M.2 1TB size: 931.51 GiB speed: 6.0 Gb/s
    serial: <filter>
Partition:
  ID-1: / size: 1.03 TiB used: 1.02 TiB (98.8%) fs: btrfs dev: /dev/nvme0n1p3
  ID-2: /boot size: 1.9 GiB used: 487.7 MiB (25.1%) fs: ext4 dev: /dev/nvme0n1p1
  ID-3: /boot/efi size: 1022 MiB used: 595.4 MiB (58.3%) fs: vfat dev: /dev/nvme0n1p2
Swap:
  ID-1: swap-1 type: zram size: 8 GiB used: 0 KiB (0.0%) priority: 100 dev: /dev/zram0
  ID-2: swap-2 type: partition size: 32 GiB used: 0 KiB (0.0%) priority: -2 dev: /dev/nvme0n1p4
Sensors:
  System Temperatures: cpu: 47.4 C mobo: N/A gpu: nvidia temp: 44 C
  Fan Speeds (rpm): N/A
Info:
  Memory: total: 128 GiB available: 125.67 GiB used: 1.95 GiB (1.6%)
  Processes: 584 Power: uptime: 3m wakeups: 0 Init: systemd v: 255 target: multi-user (3)
    default: multi-user
  Packages: pm: flatpak pkgs: 18 Compilers: clang: 18.1.6 gcc: 14.1.1 Shell: Bash v: 5.2.26
    running-in: tty 1 inxi: 3.3.34

runlevels are part of the SysV init world and are not really a thing in a systemd world.

Not 100% true.
From the grub menu it is simple to launch a console login with run level 3, or single user run level 1 or the default run level 5 gui.

Very few ever use anything other than the gui, but it is possible to do so.

It seems that the gpus are showing as using the nvidia drivers, but the display is not showing the DE you are using.

Try rebuilding the driver with sudo akmods --force --rebuild then reboot and see if there is a change.

1 Like

The SysV run levels are redirects to systemd targets now. 2, 3, and 4 all point to the “multi-user” systemd target now.

$ ls -al /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel?.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 15 Jul 25 00:00 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel0.target -> poweroff.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Jul 25 00:00 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel1.target -> rescue.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Jul 25 00:00 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel2.target -> multi-user.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Jul 25 00:00 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel3.target -> multi-user.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 17 Jul 25 00:00 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel4.target -> multi-user.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 Jul 25 00:00 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel5.target -> graphical.target
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Jul 25 00:00 /usr/lib/systemd/system/runlevel6.target -> reboot.target
2 Likes

Thanks for that. The sluggishness remains – it still takes many seconds for mouse and keyboard actions to show up on the screen in graphical mode, while multi-user mode operates normally.

Unfortunately, I’ve been going back and forth between multi-user (the goal) and graphical (currently usable) run levels, and it seems I generated the second set of inxs data from a graphical run and the first from a multi-user run.

Meanwhile, I’ve finished a complete system backup and will reinstall F40.

I’ll post here sometime tomorrow (I hope!) with the results.

Thanks again, all!

If you get it working again, you might want to take a snapshot of your root filesystem just in case you manage to reproduce the problem.

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I really like the idea of snapshots and it’s a new topic for me since i’m new to btrfs, but that article is a pretty confusing read. That makes it difficult to tell if the article is just poorly written or if the procedures of creating and using snapshots are just quite complex.

I think the article is about as straight-forward as it can be. There is just a learning curve to working with Btrfs – especially if you are doing something as advanced as re-configuring the root filesystem.

I just wanted to join this discussion here because I am having the EXACT same problem. Ever since I installed the 6.9.12 kernel Thursday night, the system is constantly choppy and laggy, and any audio and video stutters.
I tried booting off the old kernel, that didn’t help.
I tried sudo akmods --force --rebuild and rebooting, and that didn’t help either.
Here’s an excerpt from my inxi:

CPU:
  Info: quad core model: Intel Core i5-2500K bits: 64 type: MCP
    arch: Sandy Bridge rev: 7 cache: L1: 256 KiB L2: 1024 KiB L3: 6 MiB
  Speed (MHz): avg: 1685 high: 1925 min/max: 1600/3700 cores: 1: 1605
    2: 1605 3: 1605 4: 1925 bogomips: 26478
  Flags: avx ht lm nx pae sse sse2 sse3 sse4_1 sse4_2 ssse3
Graphics:
  Device-1: NVIDIA GP104 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB] vendor: Gigabyte
    driver: nvidia v: 555.58.02 arch: Pascal pcie: speed: 5 GT/s lanes: 8 ports:
    active: none off: DVI-D-2,HDMI-A-1 empty: DP-1,DVI-D-1 bus-ID: 02:00.0
    chip-ID: 10de:1b83
  Display: wayland server: X.org v: 1.20.14 with: Xwayland v: 24.1.1
    compositor: kwin_wayland driver: X: loaded: nvidia
    unloaded: fbdev,modesetting,vesa alternate: nouveau,nv gpu: nvidia
    d-rect: 3200x900 display-ID: 0

FYI: This is telling you that the nvidia driver is being used.
So it is not an isssue of the driver not being built and loaded.

When the nvidia driver has not been built you will see the nouveau driver being used.

I wonder would it could be, then? Nvidia is working like it should, and since it still doesn’t work with the old kernel, that suggests it’s not the kernel either.

I ran top like suggested further up the thread, and it looks like the process using most of the CPU, 90.9%, is kworker/0:4+events. But then I ran it again a minute later and that process wasn’t using anything anymore.

It’s possible that the GPU is struggling instead of the CPU, you won’t see that in ‘top’. You can try running nvtop for the GPU instead:

$ sudo dnf install nvtop

Thanks, I just installed and ran that. It looks like kwin_wayland --wayland-fd 7is always using the most CPU at any time, between 25% and 45%, and it also uses 4 to 14% of the GPU. But since I’ve never checked this before, I don’t know how normal this is.