MATE with human-theme-gtk (with FREETYPE_PROPERTIES=“truetype:interpreter-version=35” in /etc/environment). But the problem isn’t everywhere. I also see that I have slight differences elsewhere (marco/csd window title bar, status bar, menu bar, text in css tab of GtkInspector).
yes, compare the two screenshots, with fedora each number is larger, moreover the calculated font-size & dpi pour the clock applet aren’t same compared to debian
there is also more space between some characters, but not all, and not everywhere (for example not for the standard menu applet, but for CSD window buttons in titlebar)
Besides, when I read “Debian, Fedora” I think it is about something wrong with Fedora Workstation, because Debian defaults to Gnome and Workstation is “the” Gnome desktop. Then it is about two Mate desktops, which in my understanding is pretty much a “vanilla” Mate on top of the general-core distribution. What happens is random because I don’t think there is anybody who works on tuning and fixing either Debian Mate or Fedora Mate.