It seems to me like some cmake files are missing from the latest qt6-qtbase-devel package on Fedora 41, specifically everything related to Qt6DeviceDiscoverySupportPrivate.
Running dnf provides '*/Qt6DeviceDiscoverySupportPrivateTargets.cmake' reveals that the file is available in several qtbase-devel package: Qt 6.7 has it, and even the qt6-qtbase-static-6.8 package.
However, it is missing from the qt6-qtbase-devel package for version 6.8.2 ! I guess I can work around it by downgrading to the 6.7 packages, but could this be a bug that would be worth opening ?