After reading the post I will leave a suggestion or an idea that may be related (or it may not be).
Many of these processors come with advance technologies like:
“Intel Turbo Boost Technology”
“Idle States”
“Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology”
Which make possible to modify the TDP and the Processor Frequency according to the demand. In some types of CPU, TDP jumps appear to be poorly managed with some kernel versions and may create instability that being said you can test the following:
If you have another versions (older) of the kernel try with them and see if the problem is reproduced.
If you know about your BIOS, you may want to try to deactivate the options such as turbo boost or idle states temporally to verify that this is not the reason for the instability through the management of a certain kernel in Linux of these options.
Take it like a opinion/suggestion
Regards.