The issue is fixed in Fedora 43 because FONTCONFIG (v2.16.1+) added Adwaita Sans font to system-ui, but you need to add Arabic font for UI manually:
From terminal:
sudo dnf install google-noto-sans-arabic-ui-fonts
Optional:
sudo dnf install google-noto-sans-arabic-fonts
Or from Store:
Then choose Adwaita Sans (GNOME default font) for your system. (Or Cantarell in F42-)
After change font:
Before change font:
In Fedora 43 GNOME after install Arabic UI fonts:
Before:
Fedora needs a unified font for System UI (Adwaita Sans for example), or KDE chooses a font for System UI because Noto Sans is for Sans Serif and Noto Sans UI no longer exists.