How do I change my FDE passphrase?

You can use sudo cryptsetup luksChangeKey <device> to change the passphrase. If you want to be 100 % safe you can use sudo cryptsetup luksAddKey <device> to add a new passphrase and after you check that everything works you can remove the old passphrase with sudo cryptsetup luksRemoveKey <device> (it will ask for passphrase and remove keyslot associated with the passphrase you provide; be careful with this command if you remove the last keyslot you currently have, it will make your disk inaccessible).

You can use lsblk -f to identify the correct device, look for device (partition) with fstype crypto_LUKS, example:

nvme0n1
├─nvme0n1p1                                   vfat        FAT32 
├─nvme0n1p2                                   ext4        1.0  
└─nvme0n1p3                                   crypto_LUKS 2 

So here you would use sudo cryptsetup luksChangeKey /dev/nvme0n1p3.

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