Fedora 40 kernel panics on updates > 6.10.8

I recently installed stock Fedora 40 Workstation from live media. Since installing, I updated once successfully to kernel 6.10.8. More recent updates to 6.10.9, and 6.10.10 both failed with “kernel panic – not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0).”

I’m wondering if there’s something about my hardware setup that may be causing this problem, as it’s the same thing that happened when I tried to upgrade Fedora 38 to 39, which is what induced me to do a clean install of 40 to a different partition. I have a Grub2 multiboot with Windows, could that be the/an issue.

Athlon 950
Radeon R250 2G
32G
2 x 1T hdd ( Fedora is installed to one), and 1, 100G SDD (Windows)

VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0). usually means there is a problem with the grub configuration, so you should check (use Gnome Disks if you aren’t familiar with command-line tools) for duplicated UUID’s. The installer uses UUID’s to identify partitions, so the grub configuration should be OK unless you made manual changes after installing. One issue is that some systems unexpectedly swap sda and sdb.

We need more details to understand your problem, but there are some things you can try that may resolve the issue

  1. make sure that all updates have been applied, including vendor firmware. Newer kernels may fail when there are “unpatched” security issues in firmware. Fedora has fwupd for vendor firmware, with command-line tools fwupdtool and fwupdmgr, or many vendors support firmware updates using a Windows GUI tool.

  2. try booting 610.10 after using the grub menu editor to remove rhgb quiet from the kernel command-line or by editing /etc/default/grub, then running sudo grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg to “permanently” remove those options. You will immediately see error messages that are hidden by the default configuration which I think is designed more for mass deployments than for individual users. The error message is often enough to allow you find a solution with searches in this forum or a wider web search (but be very careful of clickbait sites promising “easy” solutions).

  3. hardware tests: some vendors provide tests that can be run at boot time or by booting a USB stick they provide. Gnome Disks can be used to run S.MA.R.T tests.

If you are still having the problem, please provide: hardware and software details:

  1. inxi -Fzxx provides a useful overview but often needs followup questions. inxi is not installed by default, but you can install it in 6.10.8. Please past the output as pre-formatted text (use the </> button from the top line of the text entry panel).
  2. details of the disk layout from lsblk -o +UUID (as pre-formatted text).

There aren’t any duplicate UUIDs shown from blkid command. I did remove “rhgb quiet” during boot to see the error messages. A common message to my FC38 and FC40 update woes is “Initramfs unpacking failed: junk within compressed archive.” This message also happened in FC38 when I used dracut to manually remake the initramfs (I haven’t bothered to try it in 40 yet)

Confusing because earlier kernels aren’t affected by this issue, and I never encountered it before in using successive releases of the past ~15-years until I tried the dist-upgrade of 38-39.

# inxi -Fzxx
System:
  Kernel: 6.8.5-301.fc40.x86_64 arch: x86_64 bits: 64 compiler: gcc
    v: 2.41-34.fc40
  Desktop: GNOME v: 46.5 tk: GTK v: 3.24.43 wm: gnome-shell dm: GDM
    Distro: Fedora Linux 40 (Workstation Edition)
Machine:
  Type: Desktop Mobo: Micro-Star model: A320M PRO-VH PLUS(MS-7B07) v: 1.0
    serial: <filter> UEFI-[Legacy]: American Megatrends v: 3.80 date: 03/16/2018
CPU:
  Info: quad core model: AMD Athlon X4 950 bits: 64 type: MT MCP
    arch: Excavator rev: 1 cache: L1: 320 KiB L2: 2 MiB
  Speed (MHz): avg: 1400 min/max: 1400/3500 boost: enabled cores: 1: 1400
    2: 1400 3: 1400 4: 1400 bogomips: 27998
  Flags: avx avx2 ht lm nx pae sse sse2 sse3 sse4_1 sse4_2 sse4a ssse3 svm
Graphics:
  Device-1: AMD Oland XT [Radeon HD 8670 / R5 340X OEM R7 250/350/350X OEM]
    vendor: Micro-Star MSI driver: radeon v: kernel arch: GCN-1 pcie:
    speed: 8 GT/s lanes: 8 ports: active: HDMI-A-1,VGA-1 empty: DVI-D-1
    bus-ID: 1f:00.0 chip-ID: 1002:6610 temp: 38.0 C
  Display: wayland server: X.org v: 1.20.14 with: Xwayland v: 24.1.2
    compositor: gnome-shell driver: gpu: radeon display-ID: 0
  Monitor-1: HDMI-A-1 model: Asus VS238 res: 1920x1080 dpi: 96
    diag: 584mm (23")
  Monitor-2: VGA-1 model: HP P19A res: 1280x1024 dpi: 86 diag: 484mm (19.1")
  API: OpenGL v: 4.5 vendor: amd mesa v: 24.1.7 glx-v: 1.4 es-v: 3.2
    direct-render: yes renderer: OLAND (radeonsi LLVM 18.1.6 DRM 2.50
    6.8.5-301.fc40.x86_64) device-ID: 1002:6610 display-ID: :0.0
  API: EGL Message: EGL data requires eglinfo. Check --recommends.
Audio:
  Device-1: AMD Family 15h Audio vendor: Micro-Star MSI driver: snd_hda_intel
    v: kernel bus-ID: 00:09.2 chip-ID: 1022:157a
  Device-2: AMD Oland/Hainan/Cape Verde/Pitcairn HDMI Audio [Radeon HD 7000
    Series] vendor: Micro-Star MSI driver: snd_hda_intel v: kernel pcie:
    speed: 8 GT/s lanes: 8 bus-ID: 1f:00.1 chip-ID: 1002:aab0
  API: ALSA v: k6.8.5-301.fc40.x86_64 status: kernel-api
  Server-1: JACK v: 1.9.22 status: off
  Server-2: PipeWire v: 1.0.8 status: active with: 1: pipewire-pulse
    status: active 2: wireplumber status: active 3: pipewire-alsa type: plugin
Network:
  Device-1: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8211/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet
    vendor: Micro-Star MSI driver: r8169 v: kernel pcie: speed: 2.5 GT/s
    lanes: 1 port: e000 bus-ID: 1b:00.0 chip-ID: 10ec:8168
  IF: enp27s0 state: up speed: 100 Mbps duplex: full mac: <filter>
  Device-2: Realtek RTL8188EUS 802.11n Wireless Network Adapter driver: N/A
    type: USB rev: 2.0 speed: 480 Mb/s lanes: 1 bus-ID: 4-5:3 chip-ID: 0bda:8179
Drives:
  Local Storage: total: 1.93 TiB used: 722.3 GiB (36.6%)
  ID-1: /dev/sda vendor: Western Digital model: WD10EZEX-00BN5A0
    size: 931.51 GiB speed: 6.0 Gb/s serial: <filter> temp: 37 C
  ID-2: /dev/sdb vendor: Western Digital model: WD10EZEX-22MFCA0
    size: 931.51 GiB speed: 6.0 Gb/s serial: <filter> temp: 40 C
  ID-3: /dev/sdc vendor: Western Digital model: WDS120G2G0A-00JH30
    size: 111.8 GiB speed: 6.0 Gb/s serial: <filter> temp: 36 C
Partition:
  ID-1: / size: 116.21 GiB used: 11.68 GiB (10.1%) fs: ext4 dev: /dev/sda12
Swap:
  ID-1: swap-1 type: zram size: 8 GiB used: 0 KiB (0.0%) priority: 100
    dev: /dev/zram0
Sensors:
  System Temperatures: cpu: 44.9 C mobo: N/A gpu: radeon temp: 38.0 C
  Fan Speeds (rpm): N/A
Info:
  Memory: total: 32 GiB note: est. available: 31.05 GiB used: 2.06 GiB (6.6%)
  Processes: 262 Power: uptime: 40m wakeups: 0 Init: systemd v: 255
    target: graphical (5) default: graphical
  Packages: Compilers: N/A Shell: Bash v: 5.2.26 running-in: gnome-terminal
    inxi: 3.3.34
# blkid
/dev/sdb2: LABEL="New Volume" BLOCK_SIZE="512" UUID="2A16C3F016C3BB59" TYPE="ntfs" PARTUUID="beb87428-02"
/dev/sdb3: LABEL="WIN10-ii" BLOCK_SIZE="512" UUID="A2D0070AD006E47F" TYPE="ntfs" PARTUUID="beb87428-03"
/dev/sdb1: LABEL="New Volume" BLOCK_SIZE="512" UUID="7C58A98758A9412E" TYPE="ntfs" PARTUUID="beb87428-01"
/dev/sdc1: BLOCK_SIZE="512" UUID="CEAC28E3AC28C833" TYPE="ntfs" PARTUUID="0b075a03-01"
/dev/sda2: BLOCK_SIZE="512" UUID="DED06B70D06B4E39" TYPE="ntfs" PARTUUID="70b9f0dc-02"
/dev/sda12: LABEL="SPARE" UUID="4ada5d83-029e-8075-f942-6f7a1a88a204" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="70b9f0dc-0c"
/dev/sda9: LABEL="FC-CURRENT" UUID="2f2444f4-f0f5-4f6c-8e4a-32ef724cca84" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="70b9f0dc-09"
/dev/sda10: LABEL="FEDORA" UUID="6317008b-1a68-4dd1-a56e-53c76e856f65" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="70b9f0dc-0a"
/dev/sda7: LABEL="APPS" BLOCK_SIZE="512" UUID="F08FCFDF6EEDD926" TYPE="ntfs" PARTUUID="70b9f0dc-07"
/dev/sda5: LABEL="SCRATCH" BLOCK_SIZE="512" UUID="F48452A2E726A782" TYPE="ntfs" PARTUUID="70b9f0dc-05"
/dev/sda1: BLOCK_SIZE="512" UUID="020CD84DB666ACC1" TYPE="ntfs" PARTUUID="70b9f0dc-01"
/dev/sda13: LABEL="SWAP" UUID="5ed1a204-8489-4ce2-833b-2a2caa803fa5" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="70b9f0dc-0d"
/dev/sda11: LABEL="VMLINUX" UUID="4e2ef50a-a553-6480-3c3d-07fbf6d705b9" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="70b9f0dc-0b"
/dev/sda8: LABEL="ARCHIVE" BLOCK_SIZE="512" UUID="7A6BC64E6384C1A7" TYPE="ntfs" PARTUUID="70b9f0dc-08"
/dev/sda6: LABEL="PROJECTS" BLOCK_SIZE="512" UUID="1D0E77E881643641" TYPE="ntfs" PARTUUID="70b9f0dc-06"
/dev/zram0: LABEL="zram0" UUID="a668a425-1daa-4cca-8280-015e05ee7588" TYPE="swap"

/boot/initramfs-6.10.10-200.fc40.x86_64.img
Similar errors have been reported across distros for years with many different distros. There seem to be many just in the past month. Some appear to stem from experiments with alternate compression methods. I suggest you try a web search for the above error in the past month to see if any of the causes look familiar.

Your BIOS is quite old – you really should look for updates.

Here:

% sudo file /boot/initramfs- 6.10*                      
/boot/initramfs-6.10.10-200.fc40.x86_64.img: ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC)
/boot/initramfs-6.10.8-200.fc40.x86_64.img:  ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC)
/boot/initramfs-6.10.9-200.fc40.x86_64.img:  ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC)

Check whether lsinitrd has issues with the problem files.

Doesn’t appear to be a problem with the initramfs-6.10.10-200.fc40.x86_64.img (I’m only pasting the first part of the output, the rest appears to be a standard Linux system folder):

But I don’t know what I’m looking for.

# lsinitrd initramfs-6.10.10-200.fc40.x86_64.img
Image: initramfs-6.10.10-200.fc40.x86_64.img: 55M
========================================================================
Early CPIO image
========================================================================
drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root            0 Jul 12 20:00 .
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root            2 Jul 12 20:00 early_cpio
drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root            0 Jul 12 20:00 kernel
drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root            0 Jul 12 20:00 kernel/x86
drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root            0 Jul 12 20:00 kernel/x86/microcode
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root         7876 Jul 12 20:00 kernel/x86/microcode/AuthenticAMD.bin
========================================================================
Version: dracut-102-2.fc40

Arguments:  -f --kernel-image '/lib/modules/6.10.10-200.fc40.x86_64/vmlinuz' --kver '6.10.10-200.fc40.x86_64'

dracut modules:
systemd
systemd-ask-password
systemd-initrd
systemd-journald
systemd-modules-load
systemd-pcrphase
systemd-sysctl
systemd-sysusers
systemd-tmpfiles
systemd-udevd
nss-softokn
i18n
drm
plymouth
kernel-modules
kernel-modules-extra
pcmcia
tpm2-tss
resume
rootfs-block
terminfo
udev-rules
dracut-systemd
usrmount
base
fs-lib
memstrack
shutdown

Errors similar to:

If you don’t get the error using lsinitrd then the most likely explanations include non-default initramfsimages (could be created by experiments or malware) or a bug in the boot-time code that does the unpacking. Since initramfs is needed to start the linux filesystems, I assume it relies on the BIOS for disk access, so you should look for a BIOS update.

I’m not understanding why 6.10.8 (dnf upgraded from 6.10.5) works with the current BIOS, yet 6.10.9 and 6.10.10 don’t. I’m not using non-default anything.

What is your hunch based on?

cf Can´t boot to Fedora 40 after BIOS update

I was able to get 6.10.10 to boot by regenerating it in dracut. As an aside, I ran memtest and my RAM failed spectacularly. I’m running it in dual-channel mode (same make-model), but the sticks were purchased a couple of years apart, and a RAM supplier tech guy said it wouldn’t work in dual channel. This could explain some other periodic issues in both Fedora and Windows.