Assign Icons to Files in Nautilus (per Filetype)

If you want to assign a specific non default icon, it is indeed a one by one operation although you could automate that manual task a bit using “gio” on the terminal. Else, the icon is determined by the association of the file type to an application. These associations can be changed in Files using the “Open with…” right-click menu. The icon will then change for all files of that type, but also the default application by which the file is launched will have changed. The icons used for specific file types are defined by the icon theme in use.