Why do GNOME's default wallpapers look so washed out?

I checked /usr/share/backgrounds and found a bunch of high-resolution JXL and WEBP files that have surprisingly small file sizes and poor visual quality.

Can you provide the name of the files in question and the package they came from?

You should be able to check the package with:

dnf provides /usr/share/backgrounds/full/path/to/file

Here are a few examples that fall into this category:

balls-d.jxl
balls-d.jxl

f44-01-day.jxl  
f44-01-night.jxl

fold-d.jxl
fold-l.jxl

tarkov-pills-d.jxl 
tarkov-pills-l.jxl

I feel these could have been rendered much better.

I think the guidelines in the GNOME Backgrounds README are responsible for making the wallpapers look a bit washed out—specifically the strict file size limits, compression requirements, and scaling constraints.