Udev not remapping Elecom mouse button

The problem is that your match pattern uses lowercase digits but the udev rule uses uppercase digits. In addition, ‘:’ in your match pattern is misplaced, it would also prevent the pattern from being matched.

60-keyboard.hwdb says:

  #  - Generic input devices match:
  #      evdev:input:bZZZZvYYYYpXXXXeWWWW-VVVV
  #    This matches on the kernel modalias of the input-device, mainly:
  #    ZZZZ is the bus-id (see /usr/include/linux/input.h BUS_*), YYYY, XXXX and
  #    WWWW are the 4-digit hex uppercase vendor, product and version ID

Thus you need something like this:

evdev:input:b0003v056Ep010C*
 KEYBOARD_KEY_90006=pageup
 KEYBOARD_KEY_90007=pagedown

You can then verify that the match is working as expected by running:

systemd-hwdb update
udevadm test /dev/input/by-id/usb-ELECOM_TrackBall_Mouse_HUGE_TrackBall-event-mouse

HTH.