Someone pointed out that, because that particular package set is so large, running sudo dnf clean all would be a bit painful and it is probably unnecessary. If the file is really corrupt, dnf should detect that when you just rerun the original download command, without having to delete and redownload everything.
I don’t think there is a dnf command to flush just that one file from the download cache. If I were in that situation, I might try sudo rm /var/cache/libdnf5/fedora-fe4b228be7d3c150/packages/texlive-scheme-full-svn54074-80.fc43.noarch.rpm, since dnf was kind enough to provide the full path to the file with the apparent problem.
Of course, if you are getting a bad copy from the mirror (as opposed to a file that was corrupted in-transit), you might have to adjust what mirror you are using before you will be able to get a good copy.
Sorry about the poor initial advice. I defaulted to what I thought would be “easiest”, but different approaches have different trade-offs. I’ll scratch out my initial reply and link to this update.