Can you please give us the path to the first Picture? Is this in the settings too? Where?
I just can guess that the fact that you can sett the first settings just for one Folder is, distinguishing between per folder or system wide setting. While the second one is for the grids in general (system wide)?!
When in the list view Visible Columns is available as a menu selection from the view options menu.
The grid view menu is part of the Main Menu → Preferences ; Grid View Captions
The HMI is not consistent between the two options.
Direct in the front of the first column (right click). Or clicking on the arrow down symbol in the header of Nautilus; visible columns, I found it now:
Is there commercially available replacement software for file management? I use Directory Opus on Microsoft Windows and don´t mind to hand out cache for a workable product.