How can I forward my NIC to a QEMU/KVM VM?

rokejulianlockhart · March 25, 2026, 4:34pm

I’m attempting to provide a screenshot of the (executed) openSUSE TW Network Installer ISO’s 802.11 configuration GUI:

I want to screenshot it from a QEMU/KVM VM. Because I solely utilise 802.3 for my host, and virt-manager solely provides 802.3 virtual connections unless I forward my motherboard’s 802.11 NIC exclusively through it, I want to.

However, although I’ve managed to enable IOMMU support, and the IOMMU group for my NIC appears suitable – it’s solely the NIC, and its correspondent PCIe bridge:

#!/usr/bin/env sh
for g in /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/*; do
  echo "Group ${g##*/}:"
  for d in $g/devices/*; do
    lspci -nns ${d##*/}
  done
done

Group 0:
00:01.0 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge Dummy Host Bridge [1022:14da]
Group 1:
00:01.1 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge GPP Bridge [1022:14db]
Group 10:
00:08.3 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge Internal GPP Bridge to Bus [C:A] [1022:14dd]
Group 11:
00:14.0 SMBus [0c05]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH SMBus Controller [1022:790b] (rev 71)
00:14.3 ISA bridge [0601]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH LPC Bridge [1022:790e] (rev 51)
Group 12:
00:18.0 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge Data Fabric; Function 0 [1022:14e0]
00:18.1 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge Data Fabric; Function 1 [1022:14e1]
00:18.2 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge Data Fabric; Function 2 [1022:14e2]
00:18.3 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge Data Fabric; Function 3 [1022:14e3]
00:18.4 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge Data Fabric; Function 4 [1022:14e4]
00:18.5 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge Data Fabric; Function 5 [1022:14e5]
00:18.6 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge Data Fabric; Function 6 [1022:14e6]
00:18.7 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge Data Fabric; Function 7 [1022:14e7]
Group 13:
01:00.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Navi 10 XL Upstream Port of PCI Express Switch [1002:1478] (rev c4)
Group 14:
02:00.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Navi 10 XL Downstream Port of PCI Express Switch [1002:1479]
Group 15:
03:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Navi 10 [Radeon RX 5600 OEM/5600 XT / 5700/5700 XT] [1002:731f] (rev c4)
Group 16:
03:00.1 Audio device [0403]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Navi 10 HDMI Audio [1002:ab38]
Group 17:
04:00.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation Thunderbolt 4 Bridge [Maple Ridge 4C 2020] [8086:1136] (rev 02)
Group 18:
05:00.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation Thunderbolt 4 Bridge [Maple Ridge 4C 2020] [8086:1136] (rev 02)
Group 19:
05:01.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation Thunderbolt 4 Bridge [Maple Ridge 4C 2020] [8086:1136] (rev 02)
Group 2:
00:01.2 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge GPP Bridge [1022:14db]
Group 20:
05:02.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation Thunderbolt 4 Bridge [Maple Ridge 4C 2020] [8086:1136] (rev 02)
Group 21:
05:03.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation Thunderbolt 4 Bridge [Maple Ridge 4C 2020] [8086:1136] (rev 02)
Group 22:
06:00.0 USB controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation Thunderbolt 4 NHI [Maple Ridge 4C 2020] [8086:1137]
Group 23:
08:00.0 USB controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation Thunderbolt 4 USB Controller [Maple Ridge 4C 2020] [8086:1138]
Group 24:
45:00.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset PCIe Switch Upstream Port [1022:43f4] (rev 01)
Group 25:
46:00.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset PCIe Switch Downstream Port [1022:43f5] (rev 01)
47:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller [0108]: SK hynix PC401 NVMe Solid State Drive 256GB [1c5c:1527]
Group 26:
46:04.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset PCIe Switch Downstream Port [1022:43f5] (rev 01)
48:00.0 SATA controller [0106]: ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM1061/ASM1062 Serial ATA Controller [1b21:0612] (rev 02)
Group 27:
46:05.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset PCIe Switch Downstream Port [1022:43f5] (rev 01)
49:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Intel Corporation Wi-Fi 6E(802.11ax) AX210/AX1675* 2x2 [Typhoon Peak] [8086:2725] (rev 1a)
Group 28:
46:06.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset PCIe Switch Downstream Port [1022:43f5] (rev 01)
4a:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. Killer E3000 2.5GbE Controller [10ec:3000] (rev 06)
Group 29:
46:07.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset PCIe Switch Downstream Port [1022:43f5] (rev 01)
4b:00.0 SATA controller [0106]: ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM1061/ASM1062 Serial ATA Controller [1b21:0612] (rev 02)
Group 3:
00:02.0 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge Dummy Host Bridge [1022:14da]
Group 30:
46:08.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset PCIe Switch Downstream Port [1022:43f5] (rev 01)
4c:00.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset PCIe Switch Upstream Port [1022:43f4] (rev 01)
4d:00.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset PCIe Switch Downstream Port [1022:43f5] (rev 01)
4d:04.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset PCIe Switch Downstream Port [1022:43f5] (rev 01)
4d:05.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset PCIe Switch Downstream Port [1022:43f5] (rev 01)
4d:06.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset PCIe Switch Downstream Port [1022:43f5] (rev 01)
4d:07.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset PCIe Switch Downstream Port [1022:43f5] (rev 01)
4d:08.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset PCIe Switch Downstream Port [1022:43f5] (rev 01)
4d:0c.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset PCIe Switch Downstream Port [1022:43f5] (rev 01)
4d:0d.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset PCIe Switch Downstream Port [1022:43f5] (rev 01)
4e:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller [0108]: Phison Electronics Corporation E18 PCIe4 NVMe Controller [1987:5018] (rev 01)
53:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller [0108]: Phison Electronics Corporation E18 PCIe4 NVMe Controller [1987:5018] (rev 01)
54:00.0 USB controller [0c03]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset USB 3.2 Controller [1022:43f7] (rev 01)
55:00.0 SATA controller [0106]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset SATA Controller [1022:43f6] (rev 01)
Group 31:
46:0c.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset PCIe Switch Downstream Port [1022:43f5] (rev 01)
56:00.0 USB controller [0c03]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset USB 3.2 Controller [1022:43f7] (rev 01)
Group 32:
46:0d.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset PCIe Switch Downstream Port [1022:43f5] (rev 01)
57:00.0 SATA controller [0106]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset SATA Controller [1022:43f6] (rev 01)
Group 33:
58:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller [0108]: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd NVMe SSD Controller PM9A1/PM9A3/980PRO [144d:a80a]
Group 34:
59:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Raphael [1002:164e] (rev c7)
Group 35:
59:00.1 Audio device [0403]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Radeon High Definition Audio Controller [1002:1640]
Group 36:
59:00.2 Encryption controller [1080]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 19h PSP/CCP [1022:1649]
Group 37:
59:00.3 USB controller [0c03]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge USB 3.1 xHCI [1022:15b6]
Group 38:
59:00.4 USB controller [0c03]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge USB 3.1 xHCI [1022:15b7]
Group 39:
59:00.6 Audio device [0403]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Ryzen HD Audio Controller [1022:15e3]
Group 4:
00:02.1 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge GPP Bridge [1022:14db]
Group 40:
5a:00.0 USB controller [0c03]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge USB 2.0 xHCI [1022:15b8]
Group 5:
00:02.2 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge GPP Bridge [1022:14db]
Group 6:
00:03.0 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge Dummy Host Bridge [1022:14da]
Group 7:
00:04.0 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge Dummy Host Bridge [1022:14da]
Group 8:
00:08.0 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge Dummy Host Bridge [1022:14da]
Group 9:
00:08.1 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Raphael/Granite Ridge Internal GPP Bridge to Bus [C:A] [1022:14dd]

#!/usr/bin/env sh
for g in /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/*; do
  for d in $g/devices/*; do
    if [[ ${d##*/} == "0000:49:00.0" ]]; then
      echo "Wi-Fi is in group ${g##*/}:"
      for x in $g/devices/*; do
        lspci -nns ${x##*/}
      done
    fi
  done
done

Wi-Fi is in group 27:
46:05.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 600 Series Chipset PCIe Switch Downstream Port [1022:43f5] (rev 01)
49:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Intel Corporation Wi-Fi 6E(802.11ax) AX210/AX1675* 2x2 [Typhoon Peak] [8086:2725] (rev 1a)

…I do not know how to force it to utilise the vfio-pci driver:

#!/usr/bin/env sh
cat /proc/cmdline | grep iommu

BOOT_IMAGE=(hd1,gpt2)/vmlinuz-6.19.8-200.fc43.x86_64 root=UUID=e70e2a08-dcc9-4696-9a41-1b34ee1b4b94 ro rootflags=subvol=root amd_iommu=on iommu=pt rd.driver.pre=vfio-pci vfio-pci.ids=8086:2725,1022:43f5

#!/usr/bin/env sh
lspci -nnk -s 49:00.0

49:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Intel Corporation Wi-Fi 6E(802.11ax) AX210/AX1675* 2x2 [Typhoon Peak] [8086:2725] (rev 1a)
	Subsystem: Rivet Networks Killer Wi-Fi 6E AX1675x 160MHz [1a56:1674]
	Kernel driver in use: iwlwifi
	Kernel modules: iwlwifi

How can I (if this is the correct approach)?

vgaetera · March 25, 2026, 5:24pm

I’m curious about your original goal since this looks like an XY problem.
There’s likely an easier solution that does not require PCI passthrough.

rokejulianlockhart · March 25, 2026, 9:11pm

@vgaetera, I want to pass an 802.11 NIC to a VM, so that it doesn’t see an 802.3 connection, because I occasionally want to test Wi-Fi, instead of Ethernet.

vgaetera · March 26, 2026, 5:19am

You can route the host over Ethernet and the guest over Wi-Fi without messing with PCI passthrough, unless testing the Wi-Fi NIC with a specific guest OS is your original goal.

rokejulianlockhart · March 26, 2026, 1:26pm

@vgaetera, indeed, it is, because some software behaves differently, depending on upon whether it detects Wi-Fi hardware that it needs to:

enumerate available APs via, then
authenticate with, then
connect to

…versus an Ethernet connection, which requires solely the connection to be verified.

@steppybug, passing Ethernet, via a virtual adapter, is trivial, because it’s the default. I’ve yet to attempt to pass Ethernet via PCIe, because it’s what my host relies upon, and isn’t directly applicable to achieving my desired goal.

I haven’t been successful in my attempts reinitialise the Wi-Fi NIC with the VirtIO driver, yet; it’s the premise of this topic. Regarding that:

Did the way that you achieved this differ to how I have attempted to?

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How can I forward my NIC to a QEMU/KVM VM?

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