Solution was to stop the systemd-resolved service. I just tried using the DNS address locally and it is now working whereas it wasn’t if I left off the port 53 from the podman run command.
I’m about to set up my router to point to it as the DNS address automatically, fingers crossed.
ETA: My old Spectrum router doesn’t have the option. No matter, it works great just setting the DNS locally on each device. I am also about to move soon and will buy my own router for the new place.
Fedora 33 IOT aarch64 + Pi-hole via podman works great! I am very happy with this solution.