I was able to run Fedora from USB and it’s fully usable.
However, after clicking the install medium, a system password box shows up for a fraction of a second, then vanishes. After that, a white Anaconda window opens up, and closes after a few seconds.
Nothing happens, system cannot be installed.
h310m pro vdh plus
intel core i3-8100
NVIDIA GeForce GTX 760
The “Everything ISO”, i.e. the netinstaller. This won’t give you the live KDE environment, but you already tried that out and found that it worked
The netinstaller installs what you ask it to by pulling the latest packages over the network. In your case, select “KDE Plasma Workspaces” on the software selection screen, and you’ll get a Fedora KDE system with all the latest updates.
The Fedora 42 KDE live ISO (from the Fedora archive downloads). That used a different UI technology in the installer, so it won’t suffer from the issue you’ve had on Fedora 43.
After installing, you can then upgrade to Fedora 43.
Linux upgrades often fail on older hardware as developers can’t test the ever increasing variety of old hardware. I make a point of testing my oldest system (NVIDIA GK107M [GeForce GT 755M Mac Edition] ) during the test period and it has been working well with pre-release F44.
Have you checked for firmware updates from the system vendor? My Mac has been updated to the last MacOS version supported by Apple, which included firmware updates.
There many workaround (already suggested by others). Since the respin installer fails you may want to collect details for a bug report so future installers will support your hardware.